50. ĐỀ THI THỬ TỐT NGHIỆP THPT 2023 THPT HÀN THUYÊN - BẮC NINH (LẦN 2)

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The science of studying birds or ornithology most likely dates back to human’s fascination (21) ___________flight. In the United States, some of the earliest recorded observations can be linked to the American naturalist and painter John James Audubon, in the early 1800s, tied threads to birds’ legs as a means to identify individuals. A century later, scientists affiliated with the Smithsonian Institution used metal bands as a means of identifying individual herons. If and when the herons were recaptured, the bands provided data on the individual birds. This method is known as mark and recapture. It is still used to (22) __________ the abundance of a population as well as track the movement of individuals.
Modern technology has provided an ever-increasing number of ways to gather data on bird populations and individuals. Electronic tracking devices were once limited to the larger breeds of birds like Trumpeter Swans and Wandering Albatrosses (23) _______ the size of transmitters. The rule of thumb was that birds not be outfitted with transmitters (24) _________exceeded 3-5% of the bird’s body weight. Researchers needed some form of transportation to carry the cumbersome equipment. The emergence of transmitters that utilised the ARGOS satellite network in 1984 revolutionised ornithological studies. More recently, the development of lightweight sensors like geolocators that record light (25) ___________ and the even smaller nanotags that emit radio signals have led to the automation of radio telemetry.

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After two decades of growing student enrollments and economic prosperity, business schools in the United States have started to face harder times. Only Harvard's MBA School has shown a substantial increase in enrollment in recent years. Both Princeton and Stanford have seen decreases in their enrollments. Since 1990, the number of people receiving Masters in Business Administration (MBA) degrees, has dropped about 3 percent to 75,000, and the trend of lower enrollment rates is expected to continue.
There are two factors causing this decrease in students seeking an MBA degree. The first one is that many graduates of four-year colleges are finding that an MBA degree does not guarantee a plush job on Wall Street, or in other financial districts of major American cities. Many of the entry-level management jobs are going to students graduating with Master of Arts degrees in English and the humanities as well as those holding MBA degrees. Students have asked the question, "Is an MBA degree really what I need to be best prepared for getting a good job?" The second major factor has been the cutting of American payrolls and the lower number of entry-level jobs being offered. Business needs are changing, and MBA schools are struggling to meet the new demands.

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Archaeological records ― paintings, drawings, and carvings of humans engaged in activities involving the use of hands ― indicate that humans have been predominantly right-handed for more than 5,000 years. In ancient Egyptian artwork, for example, the right-hand is depicted as the dominant one in about 90 percent of the examples. Fracture or wear patterns on tools also indicate that a majority of ancient people were right-handed.
Cro-Magnon cave paintings some 2,000 years old commonly show outlines of human hands made by placing one hand against the cave wall and applying paint with the other. Children today make similar outlines of their hands with crayons on paper. With few exceptions, left hands of Cro-Magnons are displayed on cave walls, indicating that the paintings were usually done by right- handers.
Anthropological evidence pushes the record of handedness in early human ancestors back to at least 1.4 million years ago. One important line of evidence comes from flaking patterns of stone cores used in toolmaking: implements flaked with a clockwise motion (indicating a right-handed toolmaker) can be distinguished from those flaked with a counter-clockwise rotation (indicating a left-handed toolmaker).
Even scratches found on fossil human teeth offer clues. Ancient humans are thought to have cut meat into strips by holding it between their teeth and slicing it with stone knives, as do the present-day Inuit. Occasionally the knives slip and leave scratches on the users' teeth. Scratches made with a left-to-right stroke direction (by right-handers) are more common than scratches in the opposite direction (made by left-handers).
Still other evidence comes from cranial morphology: scientists think that physical differences between the right and left sides of the interior of the skull indicate subtle physical differences between the two sides of the brain. The variation between the hemispheres corresponds to which side of the body is used to perform specific activities. Such studies, as well as studies of tool use, indicate that right- or left- sided dominance is not exclusive to modern Homo sapiens. Populations of Neanderthals, such as Homo erectus and Homo habilis, seem to have been predominantly right-handed, as we are.
(https://www.yeuanhvan.com/toefl-reading/1334-toefl-readings-36)

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