ACT Science Practice Test 32

900 kJ/mol

1,757 kJ/mol

14,849 kJ/mol

21,007 kJ/mol

There is a general and consistent increase as the elements get larger.

There is a general and consistent decrease as the elements get larger.

Increases are then followed by a decrease.

After an early dip, there is a general increase.

1,402 kJ/mol

2,856 kJ/mol

4,578 kJ/mol

7,475 kJ/mol

Helium has only two electrons while lithium has three.

Helium is a very light element; therefore, it is very hard to remove its electrons.

Both of helium's electrons are the first shell, while one of lithium's electrons is found in the second shell.

Helium has two protons providing the positive electrostatic attraction, while lithium has three protons providing a larger attraction.

It is hard to measure the energy required to remove carbon's seventh electron.

Carbon does not have seven electrons surrounding its nucleus.

The seventh ionization energy of carbon is equal to the first ionization energy of nitrogen, so it does not need to be listed.

The seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth ionization energies of carbon are all equal to the sixth, so they do not need to be listed.

1,314 kJ/mol

3,388 kJ/mol

71,330 kJ/mol

84,078 kJ/mol

Two

Five

Seven

Eight

The first two ionization energies are always smaller than the rest.

The last two ionization energies are always significantly larger than the rest.

There is a significant jump between the second and third ionization energies for most elements.

The first two ionization energies of helium and lithium are both relatively small.

300, 600, 1801, 2230

700, 2892, 3019, 3299

1121, 1398, 4456, 4876

854, 1981, 2765, 3344

Helium has two protons, but lithium has three.

Lithium has already had the outermost electron removed.

The first ionization energy of lithium is smaller than that of helium.

Lithium has a positive charge so removing electrons is more difficult.

2,372 kJ

5,250 kJ

7,622 kJ

10,500 kJ

Brand E performed significantly better than Brand

Brand D performed significantly better than Brand

There was no significant difference between the performance of the brands.

Neither Brand D nor Brand E was capable of lighting the flashlight for more than an hour.

0.5 hours.

2.0 hours.

3.5 hours.

6.5 hours.

Heavy-duty batteries perform better than alkaline batteries when used in medium-drain devices such as incandescent bulb flashlights.

In the experiment, there was more consistency in the performance of alkaline batteries than in that of heavy-duty batteries.

Alkaline batteries perform better than heavy-duty batteries in high-drain devices such as camera flashes.

The Brand P heavy-duty battery is the best value for the money spent.

Brand E performed significantly better than Brand

Brand D performed significantly better than Brand

The two brand's performances were approximately the same.

The variability of the data prevents any valid comparison.

0.5 hours

2.0 hours

3.0 hours

6.5 hours

Brand D's average was 0.75 hours more than Brand E's.

Brand E's average was 0.5 hours more than Brand D's.

Brand E's average was 1.5 hours more than Brand D's.

Brands E and D had the same average.

In the first few hours of testing, the voltage drop for Brand D was greater than that for Brand

Brand P's performance over the first four hours was nearly identical to that of Brand

At voltages under 2.2 V, the voltage of Brand E drops more rapidly than that of Brand

Brand K lasts longer than Brand

The batteries tested were manufactured in the same year.

The batteries tested were not previously used in any other device.

The temperature was controlled in the testing room.

The time intervals for measuring voltages were the same for each brand.

Incandescent bulb flashlight

LED bulb flashlight

Remote-control toy car

Plug-and-play video game

Twice as long

Four times as long

Six times as long

Twenty-four times as long

Incandescent bulb flashlight

LED bulb flashlight

Remote-control toy car

Plug-and-play video game